This book is aimed to serve as a complete textbook for the fifth semester students of Bachelor in Pharmacy covering both theoretical and practical parts as per the latest syllabus prescribed by the Pharmacy Council of India (Course Codes BP504T and BP508P). The main objective of this book is to provide students with the knowledge of how secondary metabolites are generated in crude drugs, and how they are isolated and identified, and produced industrially. Also, the subject includes the study of chemistry and chemical classes, biosources, therapeutic uses, and commercial applications of drugs containing secondary metabolites. Upon completion of the study of this book, students will be able to use modern extraction techniques, characterization and identification, isolation, and identification of phytoconstituents of herbal medicines and phytoconstituents. This book gives a comprehensive treatment of various metabolic pathways, modern extraction methods, separation methods, and spectroscopy techniques. It strikes a balance between essential and advanced areas of knowledge, apart from general topics. The subject matter is comprehensive and written in an easy to follow language, is suitably illustrated with well-labelled diagrams and contains tables in both the theoretical and practical parts.