Populus deltoides is the most popular Poplar of India. Out of six indigenous and eight Indianized (exotic) Poplars this is commercially most important one since this is a multipurpose species and can be grown on shorter rotatoins. This species came to India very recently (in fifties) either directly from USA or via Europe and has adapted to North Indian climate so well that thousands of hectares of forest as well as farmers' land have been occupied in only four decades in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. This has now become most important part of agroforestly systems of these states and is at the verge of almost replacing the controversial eucalyptus on farmers' land. Growing demand of Poplar wood speicially for plywood and pulpwood industries, suitability for intercropping and handsome financial returns have been the guiding forces for this species being taken up on large scale plantation on private land apart from the government land. This species has been responsible for change in the socioeconomic status of many prosperous farmers and also to improve the ecological balance of the area. Knowledge related to farming of this species could be useful for the prospeous user of this book. Edaphic and climatic requirements of this plant are very specific. This is short rotation and clonally propagated species and, therefore, have specific nutrient budgeting and production cycling also. This requires special attention to recoup nutrient loss in soil at every rotation and growth loss at every ten genertions. Special crop improvement programme is necessary to replace the old existing clones by new ones to enhance and maintain the productivity. Also the monoculture practice in this species needs care of health affected by pests and pathogens.