Taxonomy the science of classifying plants into groups and identifying them from each other is one of the oldest disciplines in science One of the primary functions of the taxonomy is to provide information on the correct identity of plants and categorize them systematically Taxonomy of plants and animals has in fact inspired and guided the course of human civilization and advancement as well as biological research The present day classification systems have a multidimensional approach and they are designed that they can function as an effective mechanism for the storage of all types of information available on the taxon from which required data can be retrieved easily The availability of phylogenies has also revolutionized the way of studying character evolution patterns and processes of diversification historical biogeography etc These data are of immense use to the researchers working in other important disciplines like environmental biology cytogenetics breeding plant reproductive biology molecular biology and biotechnology Systemat and taxonomy are witnessing revolutionary changes in terms of their theories methodologies and strategies Systematic biologists are becoming more conversant with the latest developments in biotechnology and informatics Networking and partnership building among taxonomists and other end users are becoming realistic events at global and regional scales The economic and ecological value of taxonomic studies is enormous since the genetic constitution of each organism is unique hence it is of paramount importance to know identify and categorize them so that they could be of proper and effective use for the benefit of mankind The importance of taxonomy to conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity is evident both to taxonomists and to those involved in detailed investigations in conservation biology and bioprospecting The destruction of habitats and fragile ecosystems is resulting in the disappearance of many important species thus causing serious genetic erosion of crop medicinal and other valuable plants The picture appears more alarming when we find that each plant species along with its disappearance also leads to disappearance of several dependent species of insects birds and mammals thus leading to shrinkage of biodiversity and gene pool beyond repairs Recent major scientific and technical advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have made taxonomy a useful tool for conservation of biodiversity The revolutionary advances in molecular biology and information management are enabling the vast amount of data generated from biological specimens to be organized managed and converted into useful biological knowledge Biodiversity informatics which is being looked upon as a vital foundation for all biodiversity related development has emerged as an important taxonomic activity at global regional and national levels The book includes 38 research and review articles on floristics phytogeography molecular systematics anatomy embryology and palynology written by leading experts The book will cater to the needs of post graduate students research scholars teachers and others interested in the field of plant taxonomy.