toRadiationProtection PracticalKnowledge forHandlingRadioactiveSources Collaborators:UlrichWerthenbachandTiloStroh 123 ProfessorDr. ClausGrupen UniversityofSiegen,DepartmentofPhysics Walter-Flex-Str. 3,57068Siegen,Germany E-mail:grupen@hep. physik. uni-siegen. de Collaborators: Dr. TiloStroh Dr. UlrichWerthenbach UniversityofSiegen,DepartmentofPhysics Walter-Flex-Str. 3,57068Siegen,Germany E-mail:stroh@sirs02. physik. uni-siegen. de werthenbach@deph. physik. uni-siegen. de Graphics design: Armbrust Design, Stefen H. Armbrust, Siegen, Germany With cartoons by N. Downes, C. Grupen (partly inspired by my son Cornelius), L. Murchetz, V. Ren ?in, J. Wolter; copyright by the cartoonists. Translatedandupdatedfromthe4thEditionGrundkursStrahlenschutz,publishedbySpringer2008 ISSN1868-4513 e-ISSN1868-4521 ISBN978-3-642-02585-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-02586-0 DOI10. 1007/978-3-642-02586-0 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010921303 (c)Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks. Duplicationofthispublicationor partsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,in itscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer. Violationsareliableto prosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc. inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsand regulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(springer. com). Disclaimer This book provides an overview of radiation physics and radiati- protection regulations. It is essentially meant for students and p- fessionals concerned with problems of radiation aspects. We have tried to keep the information correct and up-to-date. However, any reliance on such information is strictly at your own risk. This refers to the availability of the shown commercial products and also to those places where web sites are given. Web addresses can change quite rapidly, but we have made sure that the sites given in the text are available at the time of printing of this book. The referred web sites are not under our control. We have also tried to get written permissions for all products on radiation detection and radiation - struments and other material which is shown in this book.