This book has been thoroughly revised and upgraded to cover the basic and fundamental aspects of nanoscience, nanomaterials and development of nanotechnology. The book has been prepared to meet the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of different disciplines like chemistry, physics, materials science, nanoscience, etc. Highlights of the book ¢ Dimension of nanoregime ¢ Nanotechnology in the ancient days and nature ¢ Moore's law and nanoelectronics ¢ Different types of nanomaterials0D, 1D, 2D and 3D ¢ Bulk nanomaterialsnanocrystalline materials, nanocomposites, nanoporous materials, metal“organic frameworks (MOFs), porous organic polymers (POPs), inorganic“organic hybrid nanocomposites ¢ Quantum mechanics of low dimensional systems ¢ Quantum confinement (QC) effect ¢ Jellium model of metallic nanoclusters, magic sized nanoclusters“structural magic number vs electronic magic number ¢ Electrical propertiesballistic transport, Coulomb blockade ¢ Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and superparamagnetism (SPM), magnetic data storage ¢ Surface properties,Wulf planes and crystallite shape ¢ Mechanical propertiesHall“Petch strengthening ¢ Stabilization of nanoparticleselectrostatic (DLVO theory) and polymeric (steric) stabilizations, properties of polymer solution: Good solvent, bad solvent, nonsolvent and theta state ¢ Nanoparticles: Semiconductors vs metals; silicon quantum dots (SQDs); carbon dots (CDs) ¢ Optical propertiesfluorescent emission of semiconductor quantum dots and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra of plasmonic metallic nanoparticles ¢ Nanotechnology of colour: Photonic crystals (PCs) and structure colour, semiconductor QDs, plasmonic metallic nanoparticles ¢ Core“shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) and their optical properties, gold nanoparticles (GNPs), gold nanoshells (GNSs), hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) ¢ Carbon nanoworldfullerenes, graphenes and their synthesis, carbon nanotubes and carbon dots (CDs) ¢ Synthesis of nanomaterialsvapour and solution phases; controlling of particle size distribution ¢ Characterization of nanomaterialsSPM, STM, AFM, SEM, TEM, XRD and crystallite size determination (Scherrer equation), EDX (EDS),AES, EELS, XPS (ESCA), XRF, XAS “ XAFS, XANES, NEXAFS and EXAFS ¢ Application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology ¢ Possible hazards in the use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology