Cardiovascular Prevention (CVP) has included important technological advances and determined improvements in morbidity and mortality since the last 70 and 60 years. However, in populations with socioeconomic limited resources even basic health preserving tools such as access to a primary care provider and basic drug therapy for diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are not within the reach of many. There is indeed limited information on the level of CVP available in low-income countries and even in similar segments of deprived populations from high income nations. More information is needed in the prevalence and outcomes in these socioeconomic groups on the major determinants of cardiovascular disease and death: hypertension, diabetes, obesity, heart failure, coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and multi-organ involvement. Moreover, in many countries (and not only in those with limited socioeconomic resources) basic preventive measures are still lagging behind (weight control, healthy diet, sedentary lifestyles, smoking cessation, alcohol use). In this book, contributors will review the prevalence of these risk factors as well as discuss possible remedial measures.