All chapters carried over from the first edition have been extensively updated or entirely rewritten. As in the previous edition, the book makes abundant use of four-color illustrations, tabular material, and particularly algorithms for evaluating the functions of different systems and the diseases of those systems. The reader will be impressed by ongoing development with respect to the appearance of the book. The cover and layout have been redesigned to make information more accessible and figures have been redrawn to ensure clarity and ease of interpretation. This manual allows the reader to quickly identify and understand topics of interest which translates into very practical treatment planning. Our authors who are pioneers in the field of endocrinology present relevant pathophysiology with practical protocols for evaluation and treatment. The target audience continues to be any health professional who desires a rapid answer to any challenging question in endocrinology including endocrinologists, diabetologists, endocrine surgeons, general practitioners and students of medicine. The book is divided into eight sections arranging closely related subjects into clusters. Section 1 on Diabetes commences with a magnificent exposition on the diversity of diabetes moving on to the entire gamut of the subject incorporating the various types of diabetes through the ages, womens? health, HIV, psychology, circadian rhythms and sleep, vitamin D, testosterone, metabolic syndrome and gut flora. Newer drugs for both type1 and 2 are presented with a targeted goal of optimal glucose control as well as an attempt at retention of beta cell function. Thyroid disorders are described in Section 2 with separate chapters on thyroid function tests hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer and thyroid diseases in special situations. Section 3 addresses disorders of the pituitary and hypothalamus with a new chapter on multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. The entire spectrum of adrenal disorders is addressed in Section 4. Section 5 encompasses the most recent understanding of calcium metabolism focusing on Vitamin D, osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis and emphasizing prevention as well as immediate and long-term treatment. Pubertal and reproductive endocrinology which are highlighted in Section 6 succinctly covers amenorrhea, hypogonadism, PCOS and erectile dysfunction. Section 7 incorporates pediatric endocrinology with disorders of growth, puberty and sexual differentiation. With the global epidemic of obesity a new section has been devoted to it. The MCQs in the appendix are a novelty and mandate careful attention to detail while reading