This book is primarily meant for technicians, those undergoing paramedical courses and allied health science workers who desire to have a comprehensive knowledge of the renal system. It provides a practical guide with optimum level of theoretical information and practical details on several aspects of nursing, diet, dialysis, renal transplantation, and follow up which will be useful for all staff in departments of nephrology, ICUs and emergency room. Understanding the basics goes a long way in successful treatment. The structure, functions, assessment of kidney functions, interpretation of the commonly used test results, common kidney diseases and their treatment are discussed in simple and understandable format. Administration of fluids is important in most hospitalised patients, particularly in the intensive care units. Choice of fluid, rate of infusion, precautions and care of the lines which help to maintain the veins and devises longer are explained in a section. This section is devoted to fluid and electrolyte administration and maintenance of acid“base status in patients. A nurse will be able to understand why a particular medicine is used only if he/she has a grasp of the fundamentals.